In the mountainous Sierra Norte region, northeast of Mexico City, the year-end festival of la Virgen de Guadalupe is considered the most significant community ritual. The leader of each dance group that participates plays a small flute, wears red and blue (symbolizing the uniting of earth and sky) and wears a headdress that reflects the finery of the quetzal, a deity from pre-Hispanic times.

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In the mountainous Sierra Norte region, northeast of Mexico City, the year-end festival of la Virgen de Guadalupe is considered the most significant community ritual. The leader of each dance group that participates plays a small flute, wears red and blue (symbolizing the uniting of earth and sky) and wears a headdress that reflects the finery of the quetzal, a deity from pre-Hispanic times.